For example, at "room temperature", water has a nominal viscosity of 1.0 × 10 -3 Pa∙s and motor oil has a nominal apparent viscosity of 250 × 10 -3 Pa∙s. Simply put, this quantity is the ratio between the pressure exerted on the surface of a fluid, in the lateral or horizontal direction, to the change in velocity of the fluid as you move down in the fluid (this is what is referred to as a velocity gradient). That is why they are often referred to as simply viscosity. Shear viscosity and dynamic viscosity are much better known than the others. Extensional viscosity is the viscosity coefficient when the applied stress is an extensional stress (valid for non-Newtonian fluids).Shear viscosity is the viscosity coefficient when the applied stress is a shear stress (valid for non-Newtonian fluids).Bulk viscosity is the same as volume viscosity.Volume viscosity determines the dynamics of a compressible Newtonian fluid.
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